CONTEMPORARY HAJ CROWD MANAGEMENT – AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Keywords:
Islamic crowd management, Hajj crowd management, PilgrimageAbstract
This paper attempts to deal with three specific aims. Firstly, to inquire into the concept of Islamic crowd management; secondly, to delve into the contemporary hajj crowd management; and thirdly, to analyze the contemporary hajj crowd management vis-à-vis the concept of Islamic crowd management. These aims are based on the premise that hajj is an Islamic affair and the management of hajj – one aspect of which is the hajj crowd management – logically has inevitably to be Islamic. This premise entails with a significant question. In actuality, how far this premise is prevailing in contemporary hajj crowd management? This question necessitates an investigation into the concept of the Islamic crowd management, the form of the existing hajj crowd management, and the compliance or contradiction of the existing hajj crowd management with the actual concept of the Islamic crowd management. In this paper, the investigation is based on secondary data resulted from library research, while the analysis is undertaken through a textual analysis. The findings exhibit natures of an Islamic concept of crowd management, inadequacy of the existing hajj crowd management vis-à-vis the Islamic concept of crowd management, and the need to base the hajj crowd management on Islamic tasawwur (worldview) itself.
Downloads
References
Abdelaziz Berghout (2009a). The Islamic worldview: Glimpses on studies and definitions, dlm. Abdelaziz Berghout (Peny.). Introduction to the Islamic worldview study of selected essentials. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia.
Abdul Kabir Hussain Solihu. (2009). Semantics of the Qur’anic weltanschauung: A critical analysis of toshihiko izutsu’s works. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 26 (4), 1-23.
Ahmed Q.A., Memish Z.A., Steffen, R., & Stephens G.M. (2012). Emergence of medicine for mass gatherings: Lessons from the hajj. The Lancet Infect Disease 12 (1), 56-65.
Ahmed, S. M., R. T. Aoieong, S. L. Tang and D. X. M. Zheng. (2005). A comparison of quality management systems in the construction industries of Hong Kong and the USA. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 22 (2):149-161.
Al-Hashedi A. H., Muhammad Rafie Mohd Arshad, Hasimah Mohamed & Ahmad Suhaimi Baharudin. (2013). RFID applications in hajj management system. Proceeding of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technologies and Applications, doi: 10.1109/RFID-TA.2013.6694546.
Al-Hashedi, Abdullah S. Hussein. (2001). Hajj (pilgrimage) in Islam. A review. Retrieved on 17/12/2013 from http://search.proquest.com/docview/ 203030818?accountid= 14645.
Al-Mawdudi, Abu al-A’la. (1985). Cara hidup Islam. Terjemahan Wan Salim Muhammad Nur. Shah Alam, Selangor: Dewan Pustaka Fajar Sdn Bhd.
AlNizari, Nezar Amer. (2011). A real-time tracking system using RFID in Mecca. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Electronics and Computer System Engineering. Massey University, Turitea Campus, Palmerston North.
Al-Tawfiq, J. A. & Memish, Z. A. (2012). The hajj: updated health hazards and current recommendations for 2012. Euro Surveill. 2012; 17(41): pii=20295. Available online. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx? ArticleId=20295.
Altshuller, G. (2002). 40 principles: TRIZ Keys to technical innovation. Worcester: Technical Innovation Center, Inc.
Altshuller, G. (2004). And suddenly the inventor appeared: TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem solving. Worcester: Technical Innovation Center, Inc.
Altshuller, G. (2007). The innovation algorithm: TRIZ, systematic innovation and technical creativity. Worcester: Technical Innovation Center, Inc.
Ang Mei Choo, Ng Kok Weng & Farah Hanani Megat Ghazali. (2011). Pencetusan Idea Reka Bentuk Produk Menggunakan TRIZ. Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, 11: 1-9.
Ataul Huq Pramanik. (2002). Islam and development revisited with evidence from Malaysia. Islamic Economic Studies, 10 (1), 39-74.
Brown, C. & Lewis, E.L. (1998). Protesting the invasion of Cambodia: A case study of crowd behaviour and demonstration leadership. Polity, 30 (4), 1998, 645-665.
Cachadinha, N. M. (2009). Implementing quality management systems in small and medium construction companies: A contribution to a road map for success. Leadership and Management in Engineering 9 (1):32-39.
Challenger, R., Clegg, C.W., & Robinson M.A. (2009). Understanding crowd behaviours: guidance and lessons identified. This report has been commissioned by and prepared for the Cabinet Office. It forms part of the ‘Understanding Crowd Behaviour’ research report series. (www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/ukresilience)
Fadzila Azni Ahmad (2010). Kaedah pengurusan institusi-institusi pembangunan berteraskan Islam di Malaysia. Shah Alam: Pusat Penerbitan Universiti (UPENA).Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM).
Farooqui, R. U. and S. M. Ahmed. (2009). ISO 9000: A stepping stone to total quality management for construction companies. In Seventh LACCEI Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEI' 2009). San Cristobal, Venezuela: LACCEI.
Finkenzeller, K. (2003). RFID handbook: Fundamentals and applications in contactless smart cards and identification, (2nd ed).
Retreived on 27/10/2014 from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/0470868023.
Fruin, J. (1993, March). The causes and prevention of crowd disasters. Originally presented at the first International Conference on Engineering for Crowd Safety, London, England.
Haron Din (1992). Tasawwur Islam. Shah Alam, Selangor: Pustaka Hizbi.
Hodges, S. & McFarlane, D. (2005). Radio Frequency Identification: Technology, Applications and Impact. White Paper Series / Edition 1.
Ibrahim Ragab (1980). Islam and development. Journal World Development, Vol. 8, pp. 513-521. [PDF] from um.ac.ir.
Imran Khan (2013). Hajj crowd management: Discovering superior performance with agent-based modeling and queueing theory. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Manitoba.
Lam, S.W; Low, C.M & Teng, W.A. (1994). ISO 9000 in construction. McGraw-Hill.
Landt, J. (2005). The history of RFID. IEEE Potentials (Volume:24 , Issue: 4 ). http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1549751.
Lembaga Tabung Haji (2013). Laporan tahunan TH 2013. https://cms-th.s3.amazonaws.com/Lembaga+Tabung+Haji+Annual+Report+2013.pdf
Lembaga Tabung Haji (2015). Jurnal Pelayaran Dhuyufurrahman Musim Haji 1435H/2014M. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Haji, Lembaga Tabung Haji.
Lofland, J. (1985). Protest: Studies of collective behavior and social movements. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
M. Umer Chapra (1992). Islam and the economic challenge. Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation.
Masudul Alam Choudhury (2007). The universal paradigm and the Islamic world-system: Economy, society, ethics and science. New Jersey: World Scientific.
Mohamed Mohandes (2010). Mohammed Mohandes. (2010). A case study of an RFID-based system for pilgrims identification and tracking, in Turcu, C. (ed.) Sustainable Radio Frequency Identification Solutions (pp.356), ISBN 978-953-7619-74-9. INTECH, Croatia.
Mohammad Rahami Roslan, Noor Asmawati Samsuri, Mohd Kamal A Rahim, Mohd Afiq Abdul Majid & Mohd Hazmi Mokhtar (2013, Ogos). RFID Based System for Malaysian Pilgrims Identification and Monitoring Through GSM, kertas kerja yang dibentangkan di 5th National Seminar on Hajj Best, Practices on Crowd & Health Issues pada 27 & 28 Ogos 2013 di Hotel Equatorial, Pulau Pinang.
Mohammad Yamin (2009). Crowd management with RFID & wireless technologies. Proceedings of the 2009 First International Conference on Networks & Communications, (pp.439-442). ISBN:978-0-7695-3924-9. doi:10.1109/ NetCoM. 2009. 14.
Mohammad Yamin, M. Mohammadian, X. Huang, & Sharma, D. (2008, December). RFID technology and crowded event management. Paper presented in International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, Vienna, Austria.
Mohd. Kamal Hassan. (1993, Ogos). The Islamic world-view. Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan di Seminar on Islam and Its World-View: An American Perception, anjuran Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia dan The Malaysian-American Commision on Education Exchange, di Hotel Pan Pasific, Kuala Lumpur.
Muhammad Abdullah & Muhammad Junaid Nadvi. (2011). Understanding the principle of Islamic world-view. The Dialogue, 4(3), 268-289.
Muhammad Al-Buraey. (1992). Pembangunan pentadbiran menurut perspektif Islam. (Terj. Abdullah Md. Noor, Norlida Abdul Halim & Norlela Hassan. (Administrative development: An Islamic perspective). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.
Muhammad Ilyas Prakananda (2012). Rancangan penerapan teknologi RFID untuk mendukung proses identifikasi dokumen dan kendaraan di Samsat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Sains & Teknologi (SNAST) Periode III Yogyakarta.
Muhammad Muazzem Hossain & Prybutok, V.R. (2008). Consumer acceptance of RFID technology: An exploratory study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 55(2). Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/ stamp.jsp?arnumber=4494740.
Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (1990). Mukadimah 1: Ke arah pembentukan konsep dan pelaksanaan pembangunan berteraskan Islam, in Muhammad Syukri Salleh (ed), Konsep dan pelaksanaan pembangunan berteraskan Islam, Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2002). Pembangunan berteraskan Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications And Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2003). 7 prinsip pembangunan berteraskan Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Zebra Editors Sdn Bhd dan Pulau Pinang: Projek Pengurusan Pembangunan Islam, Pusat Pengajian Sains Kemasyarakatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2009). Ke arah pengurusan pembangunan Islam, in Muhammad Syukri Salleh & Fadzila Azni Ahmad, (eds.) Pengurusan pembangunan Islam: Prosiding seminar. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang.
Musse, S.R. & Thalman, D. (1997). A model of human crowd behaviour: Group inter-relationship and collision detection analysis. Proceeding of Workshop Eurographics Compter Animation and Similation 1997.
Nabeel Koshak & Akram Nour (2013, July). Integrating RFID and GIS to support urban transportation management and planning of hajj. Paper presented in The 13th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Osman Bakar (1991). Tawhid and science: Essay on the history and philosophy of Islamic science. Pulau Pinang: Secretariat for Islamic Philosophy adn Science.
Panel Akademi Pengurusan YPEIM (2005). Pengurusan dalam Islam menghayati prinsip dan nilai qurani, Kuala Lumpur: Akademi Pengurusan YPEIM.
Ramli Awang (1997). Tasawwur Rabbani menurut al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah. Kuala Lumpur: Al-Hidayah Publication.
Rasid Muhamad, Mohd Yadman Sarwan dan S.Salahudin Suyurno (2008). Pengurusan Islam: Teori dan praktis. Pusat Penerbitan Universiti (UPENA), UiTM.
Sharma, A. (2000). Crowd-behavior prediction using subjective factor based multi-agent system. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.
Shibani, A., Soetanto, R., and Ganjian, E. (2010). Identification of CSFs of TQM in the Libyan construction industry. Proceedings of the Building a Better World CIB World Congress, 'Building a Better World. CIB World Congress'. Held 10-13 May 2010 in Salford, UK. 281
Soo Cin Pin, Fazilah Haron, Siamak Sarmady, Abdullah Zawawi Talib & Ahamad Tajudin Khader. (2011). Applying TRIZ principles in crowd management. Retrieved on 20/4/2014 from Journal Homepage:www.elsevier.com /locate/ssci.
Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas (1995). Prolegomena to the metaphysics of Islam: An exposition of the fundamental elements of the worldview of Islam. Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC).
Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas (2001). Risalah untuk kaum Muslimin. International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC). http://www.iium.edu.my/istac/pub.php
Thorpe, B. & Sumner, P. (2004). Quality management in construction. Gower Publishing, Ltd.
Tricker, R. (2008). ISO 9001:2000 for small business. (3rd ed). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Wan Norhaniza Wan Hasan. (2014). Indeks pembangunan berteraskan Islam: Satu analisis konseptual. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Universiti Sains Malaysia. Tidak Diterbitkan.
Willar, D. (2012). Improving quality management system implementation in Indonesian construction companies. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Queensland University of Technology.
Yusuf al-Qaradawi. (1996). Memahami keutamaan berasaskan al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah. Petaling Jaya: Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM).
