BENDER-GESTALT TEST: NORMALIZING THE BENDER VISUAL-MOTOR TEST AMONG 5-7 YEAR-OLD KURDISH CHILDREN
Keywords:
Normalization, Reliability Coefficient, Bender-GestaltAbstract
Standard screening tools can facilitate the complicated issue of diagnosis. From among those tools, standard tests that are cheap, easy to implement, valid and reliable are often translated and used after being normalized. Likewise, this study aims at normalizing the Bender visual-motor test among 5-7 year-old Kurdish children of Kalar, Iraqi Kurdistan.
The present study is a descriptive-analytic one. Sampling was conducted in clusters from March to May 2017, and it included 141 children (77 females and 64 males). The instrument was the Bender-Gestalt Visual-Motor Test. Protocols obtained were num¬bered on the basis of the expanded Koppitz scoring system. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using descriptive statistics, the Chi-Squared Test and one-way ANOVA.
Findings of the test-retest reliability method showed that the reliability coefficient was significant (P<0.05). The highest error rate (85%) in boys was related to card no.7 and in girls, it was related to the same card (89%), as well. The least frequent errors for boys belonged to cards 2 and 6. Girls experienced the least amount of difficulty with card 8, i.e. rotation. The difference between 5-6 year old girls and boys was significant in cards 5 and 8. For 6-7 year old children, the highest error rate was related to card A (over 84%). In girls, errors of card 8 was more common (82%). The least errors made by the boys were related to cards 1, 2, 5, 6, and 8. Females experienced the least rate of difficulty with cards 5, 6, and 8 (over 3%). The difference between boys and girls was meaningful regarding cards A, 1, 2, and 5.
Despite some differences in error analysis, no significant difference was observed on the basis of gender. Hence, the Bender-Gestalt test can be safely used for any sex group. The result approved the efficiency of the Bender-Gestalt test in the population of this research.
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