WAHABISM: PADRI MOVEMENT IN MINANGKABAU TO THE ISLAMIC DEFENDER ORGANIZATION IN INDONESIA
Keywords:
Minangkabau, Radical Islam, Padri movement, the Islamic Defenders Organization or Fron Pembela Islam (FPI)Abstract
The purpose of the study was to identify the foundation and strategy of Padri religious movements in Minangkabau in the 19th mid century and the religious movement of the Islamic Defenders Organization or Fron Pembela Islam (FPI) in Indonesia in early 21st century. Phenomenology and Social constructivism approaches were used where the researcher tried to understand the world around and developed meanings in any particular point on certain object. The research finding showed that both the Padri movement and the Islamic Defenders Organization have the same foundation in the Islamic movement, and carried out the mission through a conservative approach. The movement was begun in the form of religious and social perspectives which had the same ultimate goal that empowered community life and political institutions. The Padri movement was led by Peto Syarif, a Moroccan immigrant which is known as Tuanku Imam Bonjol. Meanwhile, the movement of Islamic Defenders Organization was a purification movement of Islamic law led by a descendant of Yemeni migrants who came to Indonesia in 1935. From Perspectives of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, Wahabi ideology that accumulated through Frugal Defenders of Islam was seen as a potentially damaging community organization of Islam and unity on ideology of Republic of Indonesia which is well-known as Pancasila as the foundation of the highest constitution in the life of nation and society in Indonesia. The rise of radical acts by the Islamic Defenders Organization reflects the structure of religious life in the public sphere which is worse than in the new era. Finally, the Islamic Defenders Organization personifies their leaders as Imam and the Qur'an. For them, an Imam is the Qur'an which is called as silent Imam. The interference with Imam means to disturb the Qur'an, and the followers would rise up to defend without reservation.
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