Betrayed By The Mother And Failed By The Community”- What Could Have Been Done To Prevent The Kidnapping And Trafficking Of Joshlin Smith: A Social Work Perspective

Abstract

Purpose:  The disappearance of Joshlin Smith in February 2024 and the subsequent conviction of her biological mother and two co-accused of kidnapping and human trafficking constitute one of South Africa’s most distressing child protection cases. This paper critically examines the case from a social work and human rights perspective to explore how Joshlin Smith’s rights were violated through parental betrayal, systemic shortcomings, and community inaction. Method: A qualitative case study design was employed, drawing on the final conviction and sentencing judgments, media reports, and relevant scholarly literature. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and key issues emerging from the available evidence. Three major themes were identified: the betrayal of Joshlin Smith by her biological mother, the failure of community members to report known warning signs that could have prevented the trafficking, and the perpetrators’ lack of remorse throughout the legal process. Significance of the paper: Guided by the Human Rights Approach, the study argues that the case reflects serious violations of constitutional and children's rights, including the rights to protection, family care, education, freedom of movement, and potentially the right to life. Findings and Discussion: The findings highlight the need to strengthen family preservation services, early statutory intervention, parenting support programmes, community awareness initiatives, and multidisciplinary collaboration among social workers, law enforcement agencies, schools, healthcare providers, and community structures. The paper concludes that preventing child trafficking requires coordinated action across families, communities, and state institutions, firmly grounded in the best interests of the child and human rights principles. Despite its reliance on a single case and publicly available sources, the study offers valuable insights for strengthening child protection policy, social work practice, and future research on child trafficking prevention.