Does Regional Inequality increase Poverty?: After Post Reform Period in India
Keywords:
NSDP, Growth, Inequality, Poverty, Region, StateAbstract
Since 1991, India embarked on a comprehensive list of economic reforms. From these two and half decades, various issues and challenges have emerged in India like, what are the outcome of economic growth in India in terms of NSDP in different states. Income inequality either reduces, increase, or remain the same between the state as individual and regional level inequality. The study takes the time series data from 1993-94 to 2016-017. The data is to be collected from the following primary sources, like CSO report, NITI Aayog, Bulletins of RBI, Government of India Publications, and make five regions as Northern, Eastern, Western-Southern and North Eastern. Economic growth does reduce poverty and income inequality. However, economic growth does not give the impression to the satisfactory results for the reduction of extreme poverty. It obliged the well-designed policies and investment in education, health and sanitation, infrastructure, and strong government policies. Now a day, the menace of poverty and inequality also increased in urban areas. The creation of productive employment is a fundamental duty of the center, as well as the state. India’s wish to become a global power should fulfill if it reduces the extreme poverty in the country. It needs investment in human capital and improves social development.
References
Anderson, E. S. (1999). What is the Point of Equality? Ethics, 109(2), 287-337.
Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality, Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3), 244-263.
Bucelli, I. (2017). Inequality, poverty, and the grounds of our normative concerns, Understanding the links between inequalities and poverty (LIP) CASEpaper, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE, London.
Cecchini, S. (2014). Social protection, poverty, and inequality: a comparative perspective, Journal of Southeast Asian Economies (JSEAE), 31(1), 18-39.
Cohen, J. (1989). Deliberation and democratic legitimacy. 1997, 67-92.
Dalton, H. (1920). The measurement of the inequality of incomes, The Economic Journal, 30(119), 348-361.
Deaton, A., & Dreze, J. (2002). Poverty and inequality in India: a re-examination, Economic and political weekly, 3729-3748.
Dworkin, R. (1981). What is equality? Part 1: Equality of welfare, Philosophy & public affairs, 185-246.
Frankfurt, H. (1987). Equality as a moral ideal, Ethics, 98(1), 21-43.
Gini, C. (1912). Variabilità e mutabilità, Reprinted in Memorie di metodologica statistica (Ed. Pizetti E, Salvemini, T). Rome: Libreria Eredi Virgilio Veschi.
Graham, I. S. (1995). The HTML sourcebook, New York: Wiley.
Kaldor, N. (1957). A model of economic growth, The Economic Journal, 67(268), 591-624.
Kennickell, A. B. (2009). Ponds and Streams: Wealth and Income in the US, 1989 to 2007 (pp. 2009-13), Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board.
Laxmikanth, M. (2016). Indian polity, McGraw-Hill Education.
Mai, T., & Mahadevan, R. (2016). A research note on the poverty dynamics and cost of poverty inequality: a Case study of Indonesia, Economic Analysis and Policy, 49, 100-107.
Pogge, T. W. (2002). Responsibilities for poverty-related ill health, Ethics & International Affairs, 16(2), 71-79.
Rawls, W. E., Gardner, H. L., Flanders, R. W., Lowry, S. P., Kaufman, R. H., & Melnick, J. L. (1971). Genital herpes in two social groups, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 110(5), 682-689.
Rogers, G. M., & Sando, J. K. (1996). Stepping ahead: An assessment plan development guide, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology.
Rothschild, M., & Stiglitz, J. (1969). Increasing Risk: A Definition and its Economic Consequences (No. 275), Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
Sen, A. (1974). Informational bases of alternative welfare approach: aggregation and income distribution, Journal of Public Economics, 3(4), 387-403.
Sen, A. (1993). Capability and well-being73, The quality of life, 30.
Seven, U., & Coskun, Y. (2016). Does financial development reduce income inequality and poverty? Evidence from emerging countries, Emerging Markets Review, 26, 34-63.
Solt, F. (2009). Standardizing the world income inequality database, Social Science Quarterly, 90(2), 231-242.
Stewart, D. J. (2013). What is next for Mali? The roots of conflict and challenges to stability, ARMY WAR COLLEGE CARLISLE BARRACKS PA STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE.
Stiglitz, J. E. (1982). Self-selection and Pareto efficient taxation, Journal of public economics, 17(2), 213-240.
