Adoption of Green Energy in Rural India: Inquisition and Remedies
Keywords:
Sustainable development, Bio Fuels, Fuel Enrgy, Green energy, Adoption of Green EnergyAbstract
Sustainable development is a policy makers’ everlasting challenge which aims at balancing economic, societal and environmental demands in present context without compromising the future requirements. The environmental challenges have increased manifold with the increasing pace of economic enterprise and social demands. Wood as fuel energy used by a large plethora of population is considered as a major contributor to depletion of forest cover in rural India. The visible impact of using wood as fuel energy ranges from creation of health hazards due to smoky kitchens in short run to climatic changes due to deforestation in the longer time span. The alarming consequences related with unbalanced forest usage led to growth of concept of green energy across the world which is largely underlined by environmental concerns, economic benefits and government led market mechanisms which facilitate its usage and marketing through incentives and subsidies. National Policy of Bio Fuels of India aims at increasing its market availability for increased consumption. The present paper makes an attempt to revisit one of the concepts of green revolution namely green energy.
The present paper is an empirical study which aims at analyzing (i) the rural house hold consumption of fuel (ii) Reasons for using a Particular fuel (iii) Factors influencing the adoption of green energy in Bastar and Raigarh districts of Chhattisgarh. The data was collected from 250 respondents from each district and was analyzed using SEM to draw meaningful conclusions.
It was found that health benefits, enhanced income, ease of operation were the major reason for adoption of green energy.
References
Andadari, R. K., Mulder, P. and Reitveld, P. (2014). Energy Poverty Reduction by Fuel Switching, Impact Evolution of LPG conversion Program in Indonesia. Energy Policy, 66, 436-449.
Andreson, J. C. and Gerbing, D. W. (1992). Assumptions and Comparative Strengths of the Two Step Approach Comment on Fornell and Yi. Sociological Methods and Research. 20(3), 321-333.
Balachandra, P. (2012). Universal and Sustainable Access to Modern Energy Services in Rural India: An Overview of Policy- programmatic Interventions and Implications for Sustainable Development. Journal of Indian Institute of Science, 92(1), 163-182
Balchandra, P. (2011). Dynamics of Rural Energy access in India : An Assessment. Energy, 36(9), 5556-6667.
Browne, M. W. and Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of Assessing Model Fit. Sociological Methods and Research, 21(2), 230-258.
Chicombo, A. F. F. (2015). Economic Assessment of Energy Efficiency in Residential Building in Mozambique: Case Study of Mopatu (Master Thesis). University of Cape Town
Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R. E. and Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
Kline, R. (2005). The Principles and Practices of Structural Equation Modelling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Macht, C., Axinn, W. G. and Ghimire, D. (2007). Household Energy Consumption: Community Context and Fuel Wood Transition. Population Study centre Research Report, 07-629, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 2-25.
Madubansi, M and Shackleton, C, M. (2007). Changes in Fuel-wood Use and Selection following Electrification in Bushbuckridge Lowveld. South Africa, Journal of Environmental Management, 83(4), 416-426.
Magilindane, F. (2003). Constraints of the Wide Disseminations of Photovoltaic Solar Home Systems in Rural Areas of South Africa (Master thesis). University of Cape Town.
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (2018). Pradhanmantri Ujjawala Yojana. Accessed on January 3, 2018 from website: http://www.pmujjwalayojana.com/
Nunnally, J. C. and Berrnstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.
Sachs, J.D. (2012). From Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals. The Lancet, 379 (9832), 2206-2211
Spalding-Fecher, R., Winkler, H.and Mwakasonda, S. (2005). Energy and the World Summit on Sustainable Devlopment : What Next? Energy Policy, 33(1), 99-112
Tessama, Z. Davis, M. Tella,p. V. and Lambe, F. (2003). Mainstreaming Sustainable Energy Access into National Development Planning: The Case of Ethiopia (No: 2013-09), SEI Working Paper
WHO (2006). Fuel for Life: Household Energy and Health. Accessed on January 3rd , 2018 and retrieved from website: http://www.who.int/hia/hgebrief_henergy.pdf
Winkler H, (2007). Energy policies for sustainable development in South Africa, Energy for Sustainable Development. 11(1), 27.
