Gender Diversity in Corporate Firms: A Literature Review
Keywords:
Gender diversityAbstract
Gender diversity in the corporate firms, both at the board level and at the employee level, is getting greater attention from regulators and decision makers at corporate level. Many studies have examined different aspects associated with this phenomenon and the results are also positive. In this paper, we reviewed the current state of research on gender diversity covering both theoretical aspects and empirical results. Our scope of study is to understand the implications of these studies on firm owners, managers and the policy makers while making decisions and help them with an update and provide a direction in making gender related decisions. This paper examines the different theories that explain the difference between men and women and reviews the empirical work done with respect to women top executives with respect to company performance, firm value and corporate decisions
References
Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of financial economics, 94(2), 291-309.
Ahmad Husni Hamzaha, Abdul Hadi Zulkaflib (2014). Board diversity and corporate expropriation, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 164, 562 – 568
Anthony F. Jurkus, Jung Chul Park, Lorraine S. Woodard (2011). Women in top management and agency costs, Journal of Business Research, 64,180–186
Bart, C., & McQueen, G. (2013). Why women make better directors. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 8(1), 93-99.
Becker, D.A. and Ulstad, I. (2007). Gender Differences in Student Ethics: Are Females Really More Ethical?, Plagiary: Cross Disciplinary Studies in Plagiarism, Fabrication, and Falsification Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 1-19.
Claude Francoeur, Re´al Labelle, Bernard Sinclair-Desgagne´ (2008). Gender Diversity in Corporate Governance and Top Management, Journal of Business Ethics 81:83–95
Claude Francoeur, Réal Labelle, Souha Balti (2014). Gender Diversity on Boards: Toward a Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Governance? Working paper
Cristian L.Dezso, David Gaddis Ross (2008). Girl Power: Female Participation in Top Management and Firm Performance, working paper
Dan R. Dalton, Catherine M. Dalton (2010). Women and corporate boards of directors: The promise of increased, and substantive, participation in the post Sarbanes-Oxley era, Business Horizons, 53, 257—268
David A. Carter, Betty J.Simkins, W.Gary Simpson (2003). Corporate Governance, Board Diversity, and Firm Value, The Financial Review, 38: 33-53
David A.Matsa & Amalia R.Miller (2011). Chipping away at the glass ceiling – gender spillovers in Corporate Leadership, Labour and population, working paper
Deborah E.Arfken, Stephanie L.Bellar, Marilyn M.Helms (2004). The ultimate glass ceiling revisited: The presence of women on corporate boards, Journal of Business Ethics, 50: 177- 186
Dunn, P. (2012). Breaking the boardroom gender barrier: the human capital of female corporate directors. Journal of Management & Governance, 16(4), 557-570.
Elena Bardasi, Shwetlena Sabarwal, Katherine Terrell (2011). How do female entrepreneurs perform? Evidence from three developing regions, Small Bus Econ., 37:417–441
Eugene Kang, David K. Ding , Charlie Charoenwong (2010). Investor reaction to women directors, Journal of Business Research, 63,888–894
Faccio, M., Marchica, M. T., & Mura, R. (2016). CEO gender, corporate risk-taking, and the efficiency of capital allocation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 39, 193-209.
Ferdinand A.Gul, BinSrinidhi , AnthonyC.Ng (2011). Does board gender diversity improve the informativeness of stock prices, Journal of Accounting and Economics.
Hema A.Krishnan, Daewoo Park (2005). A few good women – on top management teams, Journal of Business Research, 58, 1712 – 1720.
İrge Şener, Abubakar Balarabe Karaye (2014). Board Composition and Gender Diversity: Comparison of Turkish and Nigerian Listed Companies, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150 ,1002 – 1011
Jeremy Galbreath (2011). Are there gender-related influences on corporate sustainability? A study of women on board of directors, Journal of Management and Organisation, 17: 17 -38
Jiekun Huang, Darren J.Kisgen (2013). Gender and corporate finance: Are male executives overconfident relative to female executives? Journal of Financial Economics, 108, 822 – 839
K.C.K.Lam et al (2013). CEO gender, executive compensation and firm performance in Chinese-listed enterprises, Pasific – basin Finance Journal, 21, 1136 – 1159.
Kang, E., Ding, D. K., & Charoenwong, C. (2010). Investor reaction to women directors. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 888-894.
Kang, E., Ding, D. K., & Charoenwong, C. (2010). Investor reaction to women directors. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 888-894.
Kathleen A. Farrell, Philip L. Hersch (2005). Additions to corporate boards: the effect of gender, Journal of Corporate Finance, 11 (2005) 85– 106
Kenneth R. Ahern and Amy K. Dittmar (2011). the changing of the boards: the impact on firm valuation of mandated female board representation, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127, 137-197
Kevin Campbell, Antonio Minguez – Vera (2008). Gender Diversity in the boardroom and Firm Financial Performance, Journal of Business Ethics, 83: 435 – 451
Kevin Campbell, Antonio Minguez Vera (2009). Female board appointments and firm valuation: short and long-term effects, Journal of Manag. Gov. 14:37–59
Larkin, M. B., Bernardi, R. A., & Bosco, S. M. (2013). Does female representation on boards of directors associate with increased transparency and ethical behavior? Accounting and the Public Interest, 13(1), 132-150.
Lee, P. M., & James, E. H. (2007). She'‐e‐os: gender effects and investor reactions to the announcements of top executive appointments. Strategic Management Journal, 28(3), 227-241.
M. Lilibeth Fuentes-Medina; Sandra Morini-Marrero and M. Concepción Verona-Martel (2013). The women’s role in corporate reputation A study of the most reputable Spanish firms, Advanced Research in Scientific Areas 2. - 6.
Marwell, G., & Oliver, P. (1993). The critical mass in collective action. Cambridge University Press.
Maurice Levi, Kai Li, Feng Zhang (2014). Director Gender and mergers and acquisitions, Journal of Corporate Finance, 28, 185 – 200
Melanie Powell , David Ansic (1997). Gender differences in risk behavior in financial decision making: An experimental analysis, Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 605 – 628
Nancy J. Mohan, Carl R. Chen (2004). Are IPOs prices differently based on gender? Journal of Behavioral finance: 5(1): 57 – 65
Oyvind Bohren, Siv Staubo (2014). Does mandatory gender balance work? Changing organizational form to avoid board upheaval, Journal of Corporate Finance, 28, 152 -168
Peggy D.Dwyer, James H Gilkeson, John A, List (2002). Gender differences in revealed risk taking: evidence from mutual fund investors, Economic Letters, 76, 151 - 158
Peggy M. Lee, Erika H. James (2003). she’-e-os: gender effects and stock price reactions to the announcements of top executive appointments, Working paper 2003: University of Virginia.
Pfeffer, J. (1987). A resource dependence perspective on intercorporate relations. Intercorporate relations: The structural analysis of business, 25-55.
Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (2003). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Stanford University Press.
Puneet sikand, jasdeep dhami, dr. Gurdip singh batra (2013). gender diversity on corporate boards: a case of india, International Journal of Management (IJM), volume 4, issue 2, pp. 292-305
qaiser rafique yasser (2012). Affects of female directors on firms performance in pakistan, Modern Economy, 3, 817-825
Renee B.Adams, Patricia Funk (2012). Beyond the Glass Ceiling: Does Gender Matter? Management Sciences, 58 (2): 219 – 235
Richard A. Bernardi and Veronica H. Threadgill (2010). Women Directors and Corporate Social Responsibility, Electronic Journal of Business ethics and Organization studies, Vol 15, NO.2,15 - 21
Richard A. Bernardi, David F.Bean, Kristen M. Weippert (2002). Signaling gender diversity through annual report pictures, A research note on image management, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol.15, 609 - 616
Richard A. Bernardi, Susan M. Bosco, Veronica L. Columb (2009). Does Female Representation on Boards of Directors Associate with the ‘Most Ethical Companies’ List? Corporate Reputation Review, Volume 12 Number 3
Ronald J. Burke (1997). Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: A Needed Resource, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 16, No. 9, 909-915
Sean Dwyer, Orlando C. Richard, Ken Chadwick (2003). Gender diversity in management and firm performance: the influence of growth orientation and organizational culture, Journal of Business Research, 56, 1009 – 1019
Simmi Arora and Naresh Kumar (2016). Women on board: A gap analysis of India vis – a- vis World, Chartered Secretary, Vol.46, No.03, 61- 67
Stacey R. Fitzsimmons (2012). Women on boards of directors: Why skirts in seats aren’t enough, Business Horizons, 55, 557—566
Torchia, M., Calabrò, A., & Huse, M. (2011). Women directors on corporate boards: From tokenism to critical mass. Journal of Business Ethics, 102(2), 299-317.
Toyah Miller, María del Carmen Triana (2009). Demographic Diversity in the Boardroom: Mediators of the Board Diversity - Firm Performance Relationship, Journal of management studies, 46:5, 0022-2380
Val Singh, Siri Terjesen, Susan Vinnicombe (2008). Newly appointed directors in the boardroom: How do women and men differ? European Management Journal, 26, 48– 58
W.Gary Simpson, David A.Carter, and Frank D’Souza (2010). What do we know about women on boards? Journal of Applied Finance (Formerly Financial Practice and Education), Vol. 20, No. 2
Walayet A .Khan, Joao Paulo Vieito (2013). CEO gender and firm performance, Journal of Economics and business, 67 , 55-66
