ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPACITY CREATION THROUGH OCCUPATIONAL SHIFT AND SUSTENANCE ORIENTATION OF WOMEN MICRO ENTREPRENEURS
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Abstract
This paper aims to study the effect of a shift from agriculture to non-farm based occupations on the creation of entrepreneurial capacity and the extent of sustenance orientation of women micro entrepreneurs. A total of 762 respondents were surveyed from 73 villages in Kanakapura Taluk of Ramnagara District in Karnataka State in India. The survey used a multi-stage random sampling methodology. The study established very clearly that a significant level of entrepreneurial capacity was built in the study area between 2010 and 2016, due to intervention through microfinance. It is impressive that all the respondents covered by the survey were self-employed; 92% of them were operating business ventures or were planning to start. In addition to farm based occupations, the respondents generated supplementary income through animal husbandry, services, sericulture and trading, transport and manufacturing. The results of the t test carried out to determine the significance of the shift from agriculture to non-farm based occupations among women micro entrepreneurs, returned an absolute t value of 2.2078 and a p value of 0.03 at 5%, which is statistically significant. While these entrepreneurs generated a sizeable 2734 jobs, their inability to create additional jobs during the study period is noticeable, as borne out by the t test which returned an absolute t value of 0.6171 and a p=0.27 at 5%, which was statistically insignificant. Regarding the purpose for which microfinance was availed by beneficiaries, it was seen that 88% of the respondents used the funds for sustenance of their livelihood and consumption purposes. The Z test of proportions applied to determine if microfinance is used for business purposes operations and expansion rather than for sustenance related activities, returned an absolute value of 32.80 which is significant at 5%, indicating that microfinance is used for sustenance of livelihood rather than for business activities. The conclusion is that significant entrepreneurial capacity has been created in the study area due to shift from agriculture to non-farm based occupations by women micro entrepreneurs and that they practice entrepreneurship for sustenance of their livelihood rather than for business expansion and growth.
There is scope for future research into the different dimensions of micro entrepreneurship using suitable research methodology.
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